Representation

REPRESENTATION:

 1) Why is representation an important concept in Media Studies?

Representation is crucial in Media Studies because it shapes how individuals and groups are portrayed in media, influencing societal perceptions, identities, and opinions.

2) How does the example of Kate Middleton show the way different meanings can be created in the media?

The example of Kate Middleton illustrates how media representations can vary and create different meanings. Depending on the context, she may be portrayed as a fashion icon, a dutiful royal, a mother, a public figure, or even a symbol of social status. These representations can shape public perception of her and influence broader discussions about royalty, gender roles, class, and celebrity culture.

3) Summarise the section 'The how, who and why of media representation' in 50 words.

The section goes into the difficult processes of media representation, analysing how various factors such as ideology, commercial interests, and power dynamics influence the portrayal of individuals and groups. It emphasises the role of media producers, advertisers, and cultural gatekeepers in constructing and the stereotypical representations that reflect or challenge societal norms and values. Additionally, it highlights the importance of critically examining media representations to understand their implications for identity formation, social attitudes, and power relations.

4) How does Stuart Hall's theory of preferred and oppositional readings fit with representation?

Stuart Hall's theory of preferred and oppositional readings suggests that media representations can be interpreted in multiple ways by audiences. Preferred readings align with dominant cultural norms and ideologies, while oppositional readings challenge these norms. This theory highlights the difference of media representation and its role in shaping cultural meanings and power dynamics.

5) How has new technology changed the way representations are created in the media?

New technology has revolutionised media representations by changing production and distribution. Digital tools enable diverse voices to create and share content, challenging traditional views. Social media platforms allow for immediate and interactive engagement, reshaping audience-producer dynamics and influencing the creation of representations.

6) What example is provided of how national identity is represented in Britain - and how some audiences use social media to challenge this?

An example of how national identity is represented in Britain is through events like the royal wedding. Some audiences use social media to challenge this representation by discussing issues such as the monarchy's relevance, diversity, and historical controversies, providing alternative perspectives and narratives.

Watch the clip from Luther that we studied in class (Season 1, Episode 1 - minute 7.40-10.00 - you'll need your Greenford Google login to access the clip). Now answer these final two questions:

7) Write a paragraph analysing the dominant and alternative representations you can find in the clip from Luther.

In "Luther," dominant representations often portray the main character, Detective Chief Inspector John Luther, as a brilliant but troubled detective, dedicated to solving complex crimes. He is depicted as a lone, cold hearted , willing to bend the rules in pursuit of justice. However, alternative representations challenge this portrayal by emphasizing Luther's flaws, including his volatile temperament and tendency towards violence. Some audiences view Luther's character as a clear representation of toxic masculinity, critiquing the glorification of his aggressive behaviour. Additionally, alternative readings highlight the show's portrayal of race and gender dynamics, questioning the lack of diversity among key characters and the representation of women in subordinate roles.

8) Write a paragraph applying a selection of our representation theories to the clip from Luther. Our summary of each theory may help you here:

In the clip from "Luther," Stuart Hall's theory of preferred and oppositional readings can be applied to analyse how audiences interpret the character of Detective Chief Inspector John Luther. While the dominant reading aligns with conventional portrayals of a heroic detective, alternative readings emerge as viewers critically examine Luther's actions and their implications. Judith Butler's theory of performativity offers insight into how Luther's performance of masculinity contributes to his characterization, with his aggressive demeaner reinforcing traditional gender norms.

Levi-Strauss: representation and ideology

Mulvey: the male gaze

Dyer: stereotyping and power
Medhurst: value judgements
Perkins: some stereotypes can be positive or true